Quilombola communities in Brazil are an integral part of the country’s cultural and historical landscape. According to the latest data released by the statistics bureau IBGE, there are a total of 7,666 quilombola communities spread across 8,441 locations in 25 states, with a population of approximately 1.3 million people. This new information, included in the 2022 Census supplement, sheds light on the significance of these communities and their continued presence in Brazilian society.
One interesting aspect highlighted by the IBGE report is the fact that some quilombola communities have members residing in more than one location. This discrepancy between the number of communities and locations can be attributed to the complex nature of community membership, which is influenced by ethnic, historical, and social factors. As Fernando Damasco, the IBGE Manager for Traditional Territories and Protected Areas, explains, a location is simply a gathering place, while a community represents a deeper ethnic and communal bond that transcends physical boundaries.
The history of quilombola communities in Brazil is marked by resistance to racism and violence, which has often led to their dispersion across multiple locations. This legacy of resilience and defiance against oppression is a defining characteristic of these communities, many of which trace their roots back to groups that resisted slavery during the colonial period. The 2022 Census is the first to specifically collect data on quilombolas, recognizing their unique cultural heritage and contributions to Brazilian society.
In order to classify individuals as quilombolas, the IBGE took into account their self-identification, regardless of their stated skin color. This inclusive approach acknowledges the diverse and multifaceted nature of quilombola identity, which is deeply rooted in a shared history of struggle and perseverance. The criteria for defining a quilombola location include a permanent settlement of at least 15 people who identify as quilombolas and live within close proximity to each other.
Geographically, the majority of quilombola locations are concentrated in the Northeast region of Brazil, with Maranhão and Bahia emerging as the states with the highest number of communities. Despite this, only a small percentage of these locations are officially recognized by the government, highlighting the ongoing challenges faced by quilombola communities in terms of land rights and legal recognition. Bahia, in particular, stands out for having the largest quilombola population, underscoring the importance of preserving and supporting these communities.
Overall, the data from the 2022 Census provides valuable insights into the rich tapestry of quilombola communities in Brazil, shedding light on their resilience, cultural heritage, and ongoing struggles for recognition and rights. By acknowledging and celebrating the contributions of these communities, we can work towards a more inclusive and equitable society that values diversity and respects the unique histories of all its inhabitants.