Cancer is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide, with varying incidence rates across different age groups. A recent study published in The Lancet Public Health has shed light on the increased risk of certain types of cancers among young individuals. The study analyzed data on the incidence and mortality rates of 34 and 25 types of cancer, respectively, in individuals aged 25–84 years over a 20-year period.
The findings of the study revealed a concerning trend, with the incidence rate of several types of cancer being two-to-three times higher in the 1990 birth cohort compared to the 1955 birth cohort. Specifically, cancers of the small intestine, kidney, renal pelvis, and pancreas showed higher incidence rates in both males and females in the younger birth cohort. Additionally, liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer had higher incidence rates in females from the younger generation.
The researchers from the American Cancer Society highlighted the fact that 17 out of the 34 cancers studied showed an increasing incidence in younger birth cohorts, including nine that had previously shown a decline in older birth cohorts. This trend underscores the need to identify and address the underlying risk factors contributing to the rising cancer rates among younger generations.
Of particular concern is the increase in cancer incidence among younger individuals for obesity-related cancers. The study found that eight cancer types, six of which are linked to obesity, showed rising incidence rates in successively younger birth cohorts. This suggests a potential increase in carcinogenic exposures during early life or young adulthood, the implications of which are yet to be fully understood.
In countries like India, where the burden of cancer is high and often underreported, these findings have significant implications for public health. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research, the projected number of new cancer cases in India in 2022 was over 1.4 million, with a crude incidence rate of 100.4 per 100,000 individuals. This highlights the urgent need for comprehensive cancer prevention and control measures to address the growing cancer burden in the country.
Overall, the study underscores the importance of continued research and surveillance to monitor trends in cancer incidence and mortality rates across different age groups. By identifying and addressing the underlying risk factors contributing to the rise in cancer rates among young individuals, we can work towards reducing the burden of cancer and improving outcomes for patients.