The field of nuclear energy is constantly evolving, with researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) making significant advancements in enhancing the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors. One such breakthrough involves the development of a new type of transistor that can withstand the intense radiation inside a reactor, ultimately improving equipment monitoring and maintenance processes.
Led by ORNL researcher Kyle Reed, the team tested a gallium nitride semiconductor for sensor electronics in a nuclear reactor operated by The Ohio State University. Gallium nitride, a wide-bandgap semiconductor, had previously been used in space applications but had not been tested against the neutron bombardment experienced in a nuclear reactor. The results were promising, with the gallium nitride transistors proving to be much more resilient to radiation than standard silicon devices.
The ability of these gallium nitride transistors to withstand high levels of radiation is crucial for monitoring equipment in nuclear facilities. By placing electronics closer to sensors, the accuracy and precision of the data collected can be significantly improved. This is especially important as the focus shifts towards microreactors that could potentially be deployed in military or disaster zones, where portability and reliability are key factors.
The research team at ORNL and Ohio State University is now working on developing different circuit designs and sizes to optimize the performance of the gallium nitride transistors under varying temperatures and radiation levels. By understanding how the material reacts to heat and radiation, they can design circuits that are more resilient and reliable in harsh environments.
The potential applications of gallium nitride extend beyond nuclear monitoring, with possibilities for wireless data transmission and power electronics. While the material has been commercially available for some time, its use in specialized electronics could open up new avenues for investment and research in the field.
Overall, the development of gallium nitride transistors represents a significant step forward in nuclear reactor technology. By improving equipment monitoring and maintenance processes, researchers are not only enhancing safety and reducing operating costs but also minimizing human exposure to radiation. As the industry continues to evolve, advancements in materials like gallium nitride will play a crucial role in shaping the future of nuclear energy.