The Russian government’s crackdown on civic freedoms since its invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has escalated its assault on fundamental rights that has been ongoing for over a decade. This sustained attack on civil society has resulted in the imprisonment of hundreds of individuals under repressive laws, leading to a stifling of open discussion on a wide range of issues and forcing many dissenters, journalists, and activists into exile.
One of the key areas of concern highlighted in the report by Human Rights Watch is the use of the „foreign agents“ law to target individuals and organizations critical of the government. This legislation aims to label dissenters as „foreign“ and therefore suspicious or traitorous, leading to the shutdown of human rights groups and the persecution of independent voices. The penalties for being labeled a „foreign agent“ have become increasingly severe, including fines, imprisonment, and even revocation of citizenship for naturalized citizens.
In addition to the „foreign agents“ law, the Russian government has introduced stringent restrictions on public assembly, effectively making legitimate protest illegal. The authorities have implemented a licensing system that requires explicit authorization for any public assembly, making it difficult for individuals to exercise their right to peaceful protest. Harsh penalties have been imposed for those who violate these restrictions, further limiting freedom of expression and assembly in the country.
The report also highlights the introduction of war censorship laws following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which prohibit the spread of information or views that deviate from official narratives about the conduct of Russian armed forces. These laws have led to the criminal prosecution of over 480 individuals, further restricting freedom of speech and the press in the country.
Furthermore, the Russian government has targeted the LGBT community with discriminatory legislation, expanding the anti-gay „propaganda“ law to ban public discussions about sexual orientation and gender identity. These laws have led to the arbitrary prosecution and imprisonment of LGBT individuals and those who defend their rights, creating a climate of fear and discrimination for the community.
The report also highlights the broadening of definitions of treason and espionage to target civil society groups and individuals without access to state secrets. The authorities have criminalized cooperation with international bodies and foreign organizations deemed „undesirable,“ leading to a rise in prosecutions for alleged treason and espionage.
In light of these repressive measures, Human Rights Watch calls on the Russian government to repeal the draconian provisions and bring its laws into line with international human rights standards. The organization urges Russia to create an environment where civil society can thrive and where fundamental rights are respected and protected. It is essential for the government to uphold its international obligations and ensure that its laws promote, rather than suppress, the rights and freedoms of its citizens.