In 2023, Eurostat reported that about a third of workers in Spain, Turkey, and Greece were overqualified for their jobs. This means that a significant portion of employed individuals in these countries were working in low- or medium-skilled occupations despite holding tertiary level qualifications. The average rate of overqualification across the European Union was 22 percent, indicating a widespread issue within the region.
Among non-EU citizens working in Europe, the rate of overqualification was even higher, with 39.5 percent of this population being overqualified for their roles. This trend was also observed among EU citizens working in a different EU country, where 31.4 percent were overqualified. Non-EU citizens in Greece had the highest level of overqualification, with a staggering 69.6 percent of this population falling into this category.
According to a Eurostat report, tertiary-educated individuals who are foreign-born or foreign citizens often face challenges in the labor market, leading to their qualifications not being fully utilized. This phenomenon, known as „brain waste,“ is seen as a cost both for society and the individual. Maria Elo, a professor of international business and entrepreneurship, emphasized the economic and social implications of overqualification, highlighting the need to address this issue.
One of the reasons for high rates of overqualification among non-EU citizens could be the lack of recognition of their qualifications in the destination country. Discriminatory practices and a lack of understanding or knowledge may hinder these individuals from finding suitable employment. Despite efforts by the EU to harmonize qualification recognition, challenges still exist for both non-EU and EU citizens in utilizing their skills effectively in the labor market.
In countries like Germany, targeted migration policies play a role in facilitating the entry of certain professionals into the labor market. However, EU citizens moving countries through the free movement principle may face difficulties in finding jobs that match their education level. Language barriers also contribute to overqualification, as highly qualified individuals with limited proficiency in the local language struggle to secure suitable employment.
The mismatch between the education system and the labor market is another factor contributing to high levels of overqualification, particularly in countries like Spain and Greece. Despite a strong emphasis on education, the labor market may not be able to accommodate all the talent available, especially after economic crises. Addressing overqualification is crucial, especially as the EU faces an aging population and a need for a skilled workforce to meet future demands.
In conclusion, tackling overqualification is essential to ensure efficient utilization of talent and resources in the labor market. By addressing discriminatory practices, language barriers, and mismatches between education and employment, countries can create a more inclusive and productive workforce. As the EU strives to meet the challenges of an aging population, addressing overqualification becomes increasingly urgent to ensure a sustainable and competitive labor market.